📌 Key Takeaway: The IRS expects self-employed workers to pay estimated taxes four times a year rather than in one lump sum — missing a quarterly payment can trigger an underpayment penalty even if you pay everything owed by the April filing deadline.
2026 Due Dates
| Period Covered | Due Date |
|---|---|
| Jan. 1 – Mar. 31 | April 15, 2026 |
| Apr. 1 – May 31 | June 15, 2026 |
| Jun. 1 – Aug. 31 | Sept. 15, 2026 |
| Sep. 1 – Dec. 31 | Jan. 15, 2027 |
Who Needs to Pay Quarterly
Generally, anyone who expects to owe $1,000 or more in tax for the year after withholding and credits — this typically includes most self-employed workers, freelancers, and gig workers without separate W-2 withholding to cover the gap.
How to Estimate Your Payment
- Estimate your annual net self-employment income and expenses.
- Calculate expected income tax plus 15.3% self-employment tax on that net income.
- Divide the annual total by four for each quarterly payment, adjusting as your income changes through the year.
The Safe Harbor Rule
Paying at least 100% of last year's total tax liability (110% if your prior-year income was above a set threshold) through the year generally protects you from an underpayment penalty, even if you end up owing more when you file.
This page is for educational purposes and isn't personalized financial or tax advice. Figures, rates, and program details change frequently — confirm current terms directly with lenders, tax professionals, or the IRS before acting.